The most common binder in watercolors and gouache, gum arabic, or natural gum arabic, enhances the adhesion of the paints to the paper, prolongs their drying time, and gives the colors a glossy finish.
It acts as a natural drying retarder — it can be applied to the paper as a base, added to the paint before application, or dripped into the water, allowing more time for precise work.
Gum arabic also helps achieve a more controlled dispersion of colors on the wet surface when used instead of water for wet-on-wet painting.
It produces a more ethereal effect when layering colors, highlighting the most distinctive quality of watercolor —transparency .
Dry colors can also be glazed in another sense — by applying a layer of pure gum arabic to give them a subdued sheen, such as when depicting a reflection in water.
It makes gouache and tempera more flexible and transparent and prevents thicker layers from cracking, leaving them with a glossier finish after they dry.
When applied in a thicker layer, gum arabic can also act as a masking fluid, leaving soft, slightly blended lines that reveal the unpainted paper (or canvas) underneath or another layer of color. To remove it, wet the area and carefully dissolve it with a brush, then blot with a cloth.








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